Archive for category screenplays

How to write a screenplay: Log line, synopsis and treatment.

If you are writing from scratch then there are established industry stages of screenplay formation which you should know about; if only because everyone else uses them. If you are writing your script in your own time and your own way then you can use these steps at any time they seem appropriate.

Log line

A log-line is a single line summarising the entire script or story. It should be dynamic and pack a punch for listeners. This is the ‘big concept’ moment. If someone likes this first pitch they’re likely to want to hear more so make sure it has the ‘wow’ factor.

Synopsis

Summarising the story in present tense is the purpose of the synopsis. It consists of anything between one paragraph and one or two pages. It is good practice to have different versions available, not only for pitching to others but also for yourself; there’s nothing better than being able to rattle off different length versions of your own story without the ‘ums’, ‘errs’ and ‘well it’s kinda like this’.

Step-outline

Here, your story is told in a series of steps. You describe each scene and its action in one or two sentences. Step-outlines are terrific for building up the stages of your story without yet having to fill in all the details. You can then shuffle your short scenes around endlessly as you progress.

Step-outlines are often written on index cards which gives you the advantage of being able to lay them out in front of you and re-arrange scenes at will as new scenes are created. This physical accessibility is often an extremely helpful and freeing tool for the writer at the point when the monitor screen has become an unforgiving and unimpressed tyrant.

Robert McKee, in his classic book ‘Story’, states that ‘the writer never shows his step-outline to people because it’s a tool, too cryptic for anyone but the writer to follow’ (Story, Methuen 1999, pg.413). Once you have the entire script in this format it is a great foundation from which to pitch your story to any interested parties.

Treatment

Every scene is developed into paragraphs and told as if it is happening in the present tense. The action is expanded and described in more detail than the one or two sentence step-outline but only what the audience would see and hear. Dialogue is summarised or excluded, except for occasional important lines.

A treatment will generally be between ten and twenty pages and is often used as a tool for raising financial baking and/or interest in the future film.

If you are ambitious and thorough, a treatment can be anything up to one hundred pages of fully fleshed out story, covering all the elements of the plot or idea. This is a short story format, almost the beginnings of a novel. If you go down this route, you can bet that any script developed from a long treatment will be a good deal more solid, coherent and thought-through.

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How to write a screenplay: Free writing to unleash your creativity!

So you researched film scripts and scriptwriting and found out how to write a screenplay. You had a great idea for your film and so you’ve been hacking away at your screenplay but its getting harder and a bit tougher every day. Eventually you are looking at the same pages you had a week ago but instead of paragraphs and pages you’re producing the occasional sentence and changing a word here and there. Where do you go now? What do you do when inspiration dries up? What have you got in the writers toolbox to get those neurons firing again?

‘Free-writing’ is one technique that should be used by the screenwriter on a consistent basis and not just for those moments when you are absolutely stuck or desperate.

What is free-writing?

Free-writing is the very simple technique of writing down whatever comes into your mind for a set period of time, say, about five minutes and no more. You do this without censoring yourself, which means you don’t stop after one sentence and make a judgement about how good that sentence is or whether it is worth continuing with. Forget all that until you have filled up half a page, or better still a page.

  • Take an idea that you have in your mind; maybe about a scene or a character.
  • Pick several keywords that relate to the idea or concept that you want to write about. For example, you have a sci-fi concept, so you decide on: planet, ship, and turbulence. It could be anything.
  • Pick something that excites you. Remember we are trying to get those creative juices flowing so it has to be something that you can feel motivated about and this exercise is all about getting past your own critical censor. It is a good idea to incorporate the keywords into sentences when you start the exercise. Even though you have just plucked them from the ‘Ether ‘, using them somewhere in your following free-write will give you the initial direction you need.

So now you start writing and don’t hold back and don’t worry about the words coming out. How hard is that for five minutes?

What if everything I write is gibberish?

Just keep on letting all that subconscious material tumble out. Don’t judge your work or apply any critical process to what you’re doing until the end of the exercise. The idea is that letting this constant flow of words and ideas spill out onto the page is a way of bypassing the conscious, critical mind and letting the creative imagination have full reign.

Don’t be tempted to write for longer periods like this. Free-writing is a short burst activity which you can do over and over again, as often as you want but just make sure you have a break in between sessions.

Often, when we have been sat at our desk or computer most of the day and have written one paragraph, it is because we are putting too much pressure on ourselves to come up with perfect material and the perfect script from scratch. This is an easy trap to fall into and one of the main reasons for it, is the belief that the harder we think with our conscious mind, the better the lines will be. But, there is no point in spending hours or days on a few lines when we have the rest of the story to write. Of course, we will need our brilliant, critical faculty for those times when we have written tons of material that then needs pruning and shaping but you can’t be a perfectionist with the first few drafts of a screenplay. You have to get it written and fleshed out. If you take too long about it, the original and fresh idea you had may start to seem stale and lacking in life. Once the majority of your film is written and the big picture is in place then all those smaller details can be attended to.

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